Breaking it Down: Exploring Modularization Techniques in ABAP Programming

 Welcome back everyone, We have just finished our classical reports in our last blog, So let’s start with Modularization Techniques.

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Modularization Techniques :-

• Modularization is a technique used to divide the application program into smaller units.
• This helps to maintain the code in an easy manner and reduce the code redundancy.
• The various modularization techniques are as follows :-
  1. Includes
  2. Function Modules
  3. Subroutines
  4. Class-Methods

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1. Include Programs/Includes :-

• Include Program is a modularization technique. We use include programs to organize a program code in to smaller units.
• We can create include programs with the help of SE38(ABAP Editor).
• The type of include programs is ‘I’.
• We can not execute a include program.
• We can reuse the same include program multiple times in our executable reports.
• The most important use of include programs is for lengthy data declarations used in different programs.

The Syntax to use a Include Program in to another type of program :-

• INCLUDE <include program name>.
• Example :- include program name is ZDATA.
• The syntax to reuse include program ZDATA in to another types of programs is INCLUDE ZDATA.

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Creating a Include Program :-

• Step 1 :- Go to SE38 transaction code { ABAP EDITOR }

• Step 2 :- Write a name → select Source code radio button and click on create button.

• Step 3 :- Select include program and click on create.

  
  
  

  
  

• Step 4 :- Now Suppose, I want to write all the data declarations of one of my report into this, include.

  
  
  

  
  

• Step 5 :- Now, I can simply replace the data declaration part of my report with the name of this include program.

  
  
  

  
  

  Note :-

  • In the project, make sure to write all the data declarations part inside a include programs.
  • We cannot execute a Include program, but we can include them inside a executable program.

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Include Program Code :-

**************************************************************************
*start of Program
*Declaring the type structure
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_header,
         order_number	TYPE zar_order_number,
         order_date	  TYPE zar_order_date,
         payment_mode	TYPE zar_payment_mode,
         total_amount	TYPE zar_total_amount,
         currency	    TYPE zar_curency,
       END OF ty_header.

TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_item,
          order_number      TYPE zar_order_number,
          order_item_number	TYPE zar_order_item_number,
          item_cost	        TYPE zar_total_amount,
        END OF ty_item.
*Declaring the final type structure
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_final,
         order_number	     TYPE zar_order_number,
         order_date	       TYPE zar_order_date,
         payment_mode	     TYPE zar_payment_mode,
         total_amount	     TYPE zar_total_amount,
         currency	         TYPE zar_curency,
         order_item_number TYPE zar_order_item_number,
         item_cost         TYPE zar_total_amount,
       END OF ty_final.
*********************************************************
*Declaring the internal table and work area
DATA : lt_header TYPE TABLE OF ty_header,
       ls_header TYPE ty_header,
       lt_item   TYPE TABLE OF ty_item,
       ls_item   TYPE ty_item,
       lt_final  TYPE TABLE OF ty_final,
       ls_final  TYPE ty_final.
DATA : lv_index TYPE i.

Report including the above include program :-

INCLUDE ZAR_INCLUDE_DATA_DECLARATION.
********************************************************
****************************************
*Defining Selection Screen
DATA : lv_order TYPE zar_order_number.
SELECTION-SCREEN : BEGIN OF BLOCK b1 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001.

SELECT-OPTIONS : s_order FOR lv_order.

SELECTION-SCREEN : END OF BLOCK b1.
*end of Selection Screen
***************************************************************

****************************************
*Writing Select queries
SELECT * FROM zar_header INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF
  TABLE lt_header WHERE order_number IN s_order.
IF lt_header IS NOT INITIAL.
  SELECT * FROM zar_item INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF
    TABLE lt_item FOR ALL ENTRIES IN lt_header
    WHERE order_number = lt_header-order_number.
*****************************************************
*Looping to store data in final table
  IF lt_item IS NOT INITIAL.
    SORT lt_item BY order_number.
    LOOP AT lt_header INTO ls_header.
*Performing Read operation
      READ TABLE lt_item INTO ls_item WITH KEY
      order_number = ls_header-order_number BINARY SEARCH.
      IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
        lv_index = sy-tabix.
      ENDIF.
      LOOP AT lt_item INTO ls_item FROM lv_index."WHERE order_number = ls_header-order_number.
        IF ls_header-order_number <> ls_item-order_number.
          EXIT.
        ELSE.
          ls_final-order_item_number = ls_item-order_item_number.
          ls_final-item_cost = ls_item-item_cost.
          ls_final-order_number = ls_header-order_number.
          ls_final-order_date = ls_header-order_date.
          ls_final-payment_mode = ls_header-payment_mode.
          ls_final-total_amount = ls_header-total_amount.
          ls_final-currency = ls_header-currency.
        ENDIF.
      ENDLOOP.
      APPEND ls_final TO lt_final.
      CLEAR : ls_final, ls_header, ls_item.
    ENDLOOP.
***End of Loop

*************************************************
*Displaying the output.
    LOOP AT lt_final INTO ls_final.
      WRITE :/ ls_final-order_number,
               ls_final-order_date,
               ls_final-payment_mode,
               ls_final-total_amount,
               ls_final-currency,
               ls_final-order_item_number,
               ls_final-item_cost.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDIF.

ENDIF.
*end of Program
****************************************************************************

Execute the Report :-

• Press F8.

  
  
  

  
  

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So, that’s enough for today, We will discuss function modules in the next blog.