Introduction to Object Oriented Programming in ABAP

 

  • OOPS stands for Object Oriented Programming System.

  • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm used in Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP) that enables programmers to design software components known as objects. These objects may include the functions (or methods) that manipulate the data as well as the data itself. Large codebases can be managed and maintained more easily using the more modular and structured approach to software development that OOP in ABAP offers.

  • ABAP OOPS is based upon two things :-

    1. Class :-

    • A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
    • It defines the properties (data) and behaviors (methods) that objects of that class will have.
    • A Class consists of Methods, Attributes, Events, Interfaces.

    2. Objects :-

    • Object is an instance of a class.

Types of Classes :-

a) Global Class :-

  • A global class is a class that can be accessed from any ABAP program within the same system.

  • Global classes are defined in the global class pool and are available for use throughout the system.

  • We create Global Classes in SE24 ( Class Builder ) transaction code.



    Types of Global Classes :-

    1. Usual ABAP Class :-

    • A usual ABAP class is a fundamental programming construct in SAP systems, written in the ABAP language. It encapsulates data and functionality, following object-oriented programming principles. Typically, an ABAP class comprises attributes (data), methods (functions), constructor and destructor methods, events, interfaces, and visibility sections. These classes facilitate the creation of modular and reusable code for SAP applications, promoting efficient development and maintenance.

    • It’s purpose is to write the logic.



    2. Exception Class :-

    • An exception class in ABAP is a special type of class used for defining custom exceptions. These exceptions represent specific error conditions or situations that can occur during program execution.
    • Exception classes encapsulate error handling logic and can be raised (signaled) within ABAP programs to indicate abnormal conditions.


    3. Persistence Class :-

    • In the context of ABAP programming and SAP systems, a persistence class refers to a class that facilitates the interaction with persistent storage, such as a database.
    • These classes are responsible for handling data retrieval, storage, and manipulation operations, ensuring that data is effectively managed and maintained within the system.


    4. Unit Test Class :-

    • A unit test class in ABAP is used for testing the functionality of individual units of code, typically methods or functions, in isolation.
    • These tests verify that each unit of code behaves as expected under various conditions and inputs.


b) Local Class :-

  • In ABAP programming, a local class is a class that is defined within the scope of another ABAP program or function module.
  • Unlike global classes, which are defined independently and can be accessed from any part of the system, local classes are confined to the program or function module in which they are declared.
  • Dedicated to one program only. We can create local classes with the help of SE38 transaction code.

Class Definition : Declaration Part

Class Implementation : Logic

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Understanding Different Types of SAP Function Modules: Normal, RFC, and Update

Image
  1. Normal/Regular Function Module :- It can be called inside the system. Here Pass by value + Pass by reference both is fine. 2. RFC Function Modules :- You can call from same system or from another possible. In RFC function module you can only have pass by value. In the same system if you are going to add the DESTINATION NONE’ while calling the RFC then it’ll be called in separate session. 3. UPDATE Function Modules :- This is generally used to update the database record. Update Function Module can be called from the same system. ( Background RFC / trfc / grfc ) This is used to achieve generally the SAP LUW. Some time we use from performance perspective also. When COMMIT WORK gets executed then Update starts getting executed. Important Questions on Update Function Modules :- When Update function Module gets Triggered ? ON COMMIT WORK IF a update function module gets failed, under which transaction we can see that ? OR What is the T-Code for moni
Read more

Unlocking SAP ABAP Secrets: Interactive Classical Reports with GET CURSOR, At User Command, and a Comparison of HIDE Statements

Image
 Welcome back everyone, We were discussing about the interactive classical reports, so let’s continue it. Interactive Classical Reports- GET CURSOR :- In Interactive Classical Reports, GET CURSOR statement is used to create secondary list according to cursor position. The parameter FIELD provides the name of an output field. The parameter VALUE provide the output value. Syntax : GET CURSOR FIELD <lv_field> VALUE <lv_value>. In the above syntax - the field name and field value will be returned in to variables lv_field and lv_value respectively. Requirement :- If you remember, In our last two blog, We have been displaying the order header table in a basic list and order item table in the secondary list. We have used SY-LISEL and HIDE statements to achieve the requirement. Now, we have to use the get CURSOR to achieve the same to same requirement. Code :- ************************************************************* *Start of Program *Declaring Strcutrure
Read more

Mastering ABAP: A Step-by-Step Guide to Function Modules and Groups for Modularized Programming

Image
  Function Modules :- It is a modularization technique. The transaction code to create a function module is SE37. To create a function module, we need to create a function group. Function Group :- Function group is a container for the function modules. The transaction code to create a function group is SE80. A function group can store up to 99 function modules. Requirement :- let’s create a function module for sum of two numbers. 1. Creation of function group :- Step 1 :- Go to SE80 transaction code → Object Navigator. Step 2 :- From the drop down select function group. Step 3 :- Give a name of function group. Step 4 :- press enter. Step 5 :- Click on yes a popup screen will appear. Step 6 :- Give short description → press enter → Assign package and transaction request and press enter. Step 7 :- Right click on function group and click on activate to activate the function group. Step 8 :- You will see two includes, will be added after ac
Read more